ICT AND MULTIMEDIA FUNDAMENTALS

Assalamualaikum and hi readers, on this school holiday I have an assignment to be accomplish. Assignment about what? Its about ICT and Multimedia Fundamentals for term 1 in Pre-University.

But before I explain it further, let me introduce myself. Nursiah binti Samsul is my name. I live at Taman Kota Jaya, Kota Tinggi, Johor. I'm continuing my education at SMK Tun Habab as a Pre-University's student. I'm from 6 Rendah Al-Farabi.

COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

Communication technology is the activity of designing, constructing, and maintaining communication systems. In the modern era it is referred to as ICT. This is information and communication technology, includes any communication device or application such as gadgets, radio, and television.

COMPUTER NETWORK

A computer network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In computers networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data connections. The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is Internet.

WIRED

Wired refers to the transmission of data through a wire medium of communication technology. The term "wire communication" or "communication by wire" means the transmission of writing, signs, signals, pictures and sounds of all kinds by aid of wire, cable or other like connection between the points of origin and reception. Examples include twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber-optic. Also wave guide (electromagnetism), used for high-power applications, is often considered like wired line.

WIRELESS

Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or all of the communication path. Some monitoring devices, such as intrusion alarms, employ acoustic waves at frequencies above the range of human hearing; these are also sometimes classified are wireless. The communication devices for wireless communication are bluetooth and satellite.

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

A communications protocol is a system of digital rules for data exchange within or between computers.

Communicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging messages. Thus, a protocol must define a syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication; the specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. A protocol can therefore have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach agreement of protocol may be developed into a technical standard.

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA

• BOUNDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA

twisted pairs cables

fiber optics cable

Bounded media is a physical link that the signal is carried through. It is often a narrow path. This is also called guided media. It is made up of a conductor, which is usually made of copper and is jacketed with material. Bounded media provides high speed and is very secure. Its drawback is that it cannot be used for distance communication because of the physical items that it requires to run.

Bounded media includes twisted pairs cables, fiber optics cables and coaxial cables.

• UNBOUNDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA

INFRARED

MICROWAVE

Unbounded transmission of media are the ways of transmitting data without using any cables. These media are not bounded by physical geography. This type of transmission is called Wireless communication. Nowadays, wireless communication is becoming popular. Wireless LANs are being installed in office and college campuses. This transmission uses Microwave, radio wave, infra red are some popular unbound transmission media.

COMMUNICATION DEVICES

• NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) OR NETWORK CONNECTOR

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD

NETWORK CONNECTOR

Computers on a network need to be able to communicate with the server and with other computers. In order to do this, a network interface card (NIC)  is required or a built-in network chip is included on the motherboard, such as in the laptop opposite. The hardware handles all the physical network signals. The NIC allows data to be communicated to and from a networked computer

•  WI-FI CARD

When using computer on a wireless network, it need to be able to send data to and receive data from the server and other computers on the network. This may be done by a built-in wifi in the laptop or mobile device connected to a local network. If laptop needs to connect via a mobile wifi network whilst on the move, then you can also purchase a wifi 'dongle' that looks like a memory stick and is inserted into a USB port. It works in just the same way but is designed to work with a specific mobile internet network provider.

• ROUTER

This is a very important network communication device. It is responsible for sending network traffic to its correct destination. It works by reading the destination network address within each data packet and sends it along its way. There can be many routers on a large network.

• MODEM

A device used to convert digital data analogue data in order to transmit it over the telephone network (MODulation). It will also convert the analogue data back into digital data when the computer is receiving data from the telephone network (DEModulation). So together the device MODulates and DEModulates, hence MODEM.

 REFERENCES :

- http://en.wikipedia.org

-http://www.webopedia.com

-http://www.ask.com